![]() ![]() Disconnection among these networks contributes to an age-related decline in attention, but preservation and perhaps even increased patterns of functional brain activation and connectivity also contribute to preserved attentional functioning. Neuroimaging research has identified networks of frontal and parietal brain regions relevant for top-down and bottom-up attentional processing. However, some age-related preservation of attentional functioning is also evident, particularly the top-down allocation of attention. Top-Down & Bottom-Up Perception Bottom-Up Processing - starts from the features of a stimulus and builds up from there Example: Top-down Processing Example. An underlying age-related slowing is prominent throughout visual processing stages, which in turn contributes to age-related decline in some aspects of attention, such as the inhibition of irrelevant information and the coordination of multiple tasks. A fundamental theme of attentional functioning is the interaction between the bottom-up salience of visual features and top-down allocation of processing based on the observer’s goals. Thus, attention is a multifaceted construct that is relevant at virtually all stages of object identification. Empirical research on visual attention has determined that attention-related effects occur across a range of information processing components, including the sensory registration of features, selection of information from working memory, controlling motor responses, and coordinating multiple perceptual and cognitive tasks. The Effects of Attention on RepresentationsĪge-related decline occurs in several aspects of fluid, speed-dependent cognition, particularly those related to attention.This information is communicated to the company’s individual departments for fulfillment. The term top-down processing refers to the expectations, memories,biases and general upper-level influence the brain has on perception.If a person views an. A CEO, senior supervisor, or project manager makes the initial decisions regarding goals, processes, and projects. The top-down approach starts with upper management. Event-Related Potential Studies of Age-Related Differences in Visual Attention Top-down and bottom-up are two important management styles.Task-Related Activation and Functional Connectivity.Neuroimaging Studies of Age-Related Differences in Visual Attention.Age-Related Preservation of Top-Down Attention.Inhibition of Irrelevant Information and Spatial Selection.They are called top-down because they are literally driven by the top part of our bodies, the executive function center of our brain. Top-down thinking and behaviors develop over many years through connections to the prefrontal cortex of the brain. Attentional Consequences of Age-Related Perceptual Decline Top-down behaviors are deliberate and intentional.Age-Related Slowing and Decline in Attentional Resources.Behavioral Studies of Age-Related Differences in Visual Attention.Bundesen’s Theory of Visual Attention (TVA). ![]() Duncan and Humphreys Stimulus Similarity Theory.Data-Limited and Resource-Limited Processing. ![]()
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